Importance of Services

The United States has moved beyond the industrial economy stage to the point where it has become the world’s first service economy. Almost three-fourths of the nonfarm labor force is employed in service industries, and over two-thirds of the nation’s gross national product is accounted for by services. Also, service jobs typically hold up better during a recession than do jobs in industries producing tangible goods.

During the 20-year period of 1966 to 1986, about 36 million new jobs were created in the United States—far more than in Japan and Western Europe combined. About 90 percent of these jobs were in service industries. During this same time span, some 22 million women joined the labor force—and 97 percent of these women went to work in the service sector. These employment trends are expected to continue at least until the year 2000. For the period 1986-2000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that over 21 million new jobs will be created and 93 percent of them will be in service industries.

Moreover, most of this explosive growth in services employment is not in low-paying jobs, contrary to the beliefs of many economists, business and labor leaders, and politicians. These people argue that manufacturing jobs, which have been the economic foundation of America's middle class, are vanishing. They claim that factory workers are being replaced with a host of low-wage earners. It is true that manufacturing jobs have declined, with many of them going to foreign countries. It is also true that there has been growth in some low-paying service jobs. Yet cooks and counter people still represent only 1 percent of the U. S. labor force today: Furthermore, for many years the fastest-growing occupational category has been “professional, technical, and related work.” These jobs pay well above the average, and most are in service industries.

About one-half of consumer expenditures are for the purchase of services. Projections to the year 2000 indicate that services will attract an even larger share of consumer spending. A drawback of the service economy boom is that the prices of most services have been going up at a considerably faster rate than the prices of most tangible products. You are undoubtedly aware of this if you have had your car or TV set repaired, had your shoes half-soled, or paid a medical bill in recent years.

When we say that services account for close to one-half of consumer expenditures, we still grossly understate the economic importance of services. These figures do not include the vast amounts spent for business services. By all indications, spending for business services has increased even more rapidly than spending for consumer services.

1. The first paragraph intends to tell us that

A. services are more important than industries producing tangible goods.

B. services are important.

C. service jobs make more money than other jobs.

D. services are more comfortable than other jobs.

2. Between 1966 and 1986, the United States created about

A. 32.4 million service jobs.

B. 32.4 million jobs.

C. 22 million service jobs.

D. 198 million service jobs.

3. Many economists, business and labor leaders and politicians believe that

A. most of the explosive growth in service employment is not in low-paying jobs.

B. most of the fast growth in the service sector is in low-paying jobs.

C. manufacturing jobs are disappearing because they are to longer attractive.

D. most of the fast growth in the service sector is in high-paying jobs.

4. The importance of services can be shown

A. only by consumer expenditure.

B. only by money spent on business services.

C. by money spent on business services as well as on consumer services.

D. only by money spent on food and housing.

5. What does the writer of this passage disapprove of regarding services now?

A. Their fast growth.

B. Their decline.

C. Their prices.

D. Their quality

答案：BACCC

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