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民族區(qū)域自治，是中國特色社會(huì)主義的一項(xiàng)基本政治制度，是中國解決民族問題的基本政策。

中國的民族區(qū)域自治，是指在國家的統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，各少數(shù)民族聚居地方實(shí)行區(qū)域自治，設(shè)立自治機(jī)關(guān)，行使自治權(quán)。中國民族自治地方的設(shè)立是根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)孛褡尻P(guān)系、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等條件，并參酌歷史情況而確定的。目前，中國的民族自治地方依據(jù)少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū)人口的多少、面積的大小分為自治區(qū)、自治州、自治縣三級(jí)，行政地位分別相當(dāng)于省、設(shè)區(qū)的市和縣。

在中國，西藏是一個(gè)藏族占多數(shù)的民族聚居區(qū)，目前總?cè)丝?17.55萬，其中藏族占92%以上;除藏族外，西藏還有漢族、蒙古族、回族、納西族、怒族、獨(dú)龍族、門巴族、珞巴族以及僜人、夏爾巴人等40多個(gè)民族成分。根據(jù)中國憲法，國家在西藏實(shí)行民族區(qū)域自治制度，建立西藏自治區(qū)，并設(shè)有門巴、珞巴、納西等民族鄉(xiāng)，依法保障西藏各族人民平等參與管理國家和地方事務(wù)的政治權(quán)利。

自1959年實(shí)行民主改革和1965年實(shí)行民族區(qū)域自治制度以來，西藏不僅建立起全新的社會(huì)主義制度，而且實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的歷史性跨越。西藏成功地走上了與全國各族人民共同團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗、共同平等發(fā)展、共同繁榮進(jìn)步的光明大道。藏民族作為中華民族大家庭的一員，實(shí)現(xiàn)了平等參與管理國家事務(wù)的權(quán)利，成為管理西藏地方社會(huì)事務(wù)、主宰自己命運(yùn)的主人，成為西藏社會(huì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富、精神財(cái)富的創(chuàng)造者和享有者。

雖然西藏自治區(qū)從成立至今只有50年，但帶來了翻天覆地的巨大變化。今日的西藏，是其歷史上最為輝煌的時(shí)期。

參考譯文

Regional ethnic autonomy is a fundamental political system under socialism with Chinese characteristics – a basic policy through which to solve problems relating to ethnic minorities.

Regional ethnic autonomy in China means, under the unified leadership of the central government, that regional autonomy is exercised and organs of self-government are established for the exercise of the right of autonomy in areas where various ethnic minorities live in compact communities. The establishment of ethnic autonomous areas is determined by local ethnic relations, economic development and other conditions, with reference to historical background. China’s ethnic autonomous areas are divided, according to the population and size of the compact communities in which ethnic minorities live, into autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures, and autonomous counties at three levels equivalent to provinces, cities divided into districts, and counties in the administrative division.

Tibet is an ethnic region mostly inhabited by Tibetans, who account for more than 92 percent of its present 3,175,500 population, which also includes 40 other ethnic groups, including the Han, Mongolian, Hui, Naxi, Nu, Drung, Monba, Lhoba, Deng and Sherpa people. According to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), regional ethnic autonomy has been exercised in Tibet, and Tibet Autonomous Region, under which are the Monba, Lhoba and Naxi ethnic townships, has been founded, protecting by law the political rights of various ethnic groups in Tibet to participate as equals in administering state and local affairs.

Since the democratic reform was carried out in 1959 and regional ethnic autonomy came into practice in 1965, Tibet has established the new socialist system and achieved historic leaps and bounds in its economic and social development. Tibet has taken a road that unites it with all China’s ethnic groups and struggles to develop equally, achieve prosperity, and make progress with them. As part of the Chinese nation, the Tibetan people fulfill the right to participate equally in the management of state affairs; they are thus managers of local social affairs and masters of their own destiny, creating and sharing the material and spiritual wealth of Tibet.

Although it has been only 50 years since the founding of Tibet Autonomous Region, great changes have taken place. Tibet is now in its golden age.

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