第三篇 Be Alert to Antimicrobial（抗微生物的）Resistance

The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics (抗生素) normally used for their treatment (multi-drug resistant bacteria), so pose particular difficulties, as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains (菌株) and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

An article published in 7"he Lancet Infectious Diseases on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost/all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3 (antimicrobial resistance), and, in particular, has raised awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.

While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control.

Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers, managers of hospitals, patients, as well as national governments, the pharmaceutical (制藥的) industry, and international agencies.

WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures, including the use of hand-washing measures, particularly in healthcare facilities.

Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries, and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce- transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.

WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.

41 Antimicrobial residence has become a global public health issue because

A there may be few or no treatment to infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.

B new antibiotics are too expensive for poor countries.

C infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria have killed a lot of people.

D scientists know nothing about multi-drug resistant bacteria.

42 The word "prudent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A unwise.

B wasteful.

C widespread.

D careful.

43 The article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that

A some bacteria have developed a new gene to resist almost all antibiotics.

B a new multi-drug resistant bacterium has appeared.

C some infections are caused by antibiotics.

D some countries are successful in controlling multi-drug resistant microorganisms.

44 WHO recommends governments to focus on the following areas EXCEPT

A keeping hospitals from storing more antibiotics than they can use.

B education on the use of antibiotics.

C control of antibiotic use.

D introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics.

45 We learn from the passage that

A antimicrobial resistance was not noticed until 2010.

B further study is needed to deal with the transmission of multi-drug resistant bacteria.

C without WHO, no country will be safer in the war against antimicrobial resistance.

D WHO will focus its prevention and control efforts in poor countries.

（責任編輯：vstara）

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