第 4 部分：閱讀理解(第 3 1-4 5 題，每題3 分，共 4 5 分)

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第 一 篇 Do Patients Trust D octors Too Much

Earlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation,they d o n ’t necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.

In fact, more than a third of patients w h o had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon w h o operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about10 hours) or a n e w car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon w h o wields ( 支配)the knife. A n d m a n y patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeons or primary care

doctors, whoever those individuals happen to be.

I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. T h o m a s Russell, executive director of the American College of Surgeons. “There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons.” he told me.

There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. “Today，medicine and surgery are really team sports.”Dr. Russell continued, “and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker, is the most important m e m b e r of the team.Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and must understand what is going on. ”

In other words, a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and responsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients c o m e to the relationship educated about their doctors, their illnesses and their treatment.

“If w e are truly going to reform the health care system in the US,” Dr. Russell said, “everybody has to participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professionals,lawyers pharmaceutical companies, and insurance companies. But most of all, it means the patient.”

Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, w h o was a m o n g the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed, knowledge is power.

31. According to the author, patients should spend more time______.

A. researching the American College of Surgeons

B. researching their surgery or surgeons

C. researching n e w cars

D. researching job changes

32. N ow a d a y s patients seem to h ave______.

A. too m u c h trust in their doctors

B. too m u c h information about their doctors

C. too little faith in their doctors

D. a healthy relationship with their doctors

33. Medicine and surgery are n o w really team sports in w h i c h ______.

A. patients and doctors play equally important roles

B. the patient does not have an active role to play

C. doctors have the final say in almost everything

D. the patient has the most important role to play

34. It is wrong to think that a healthy doctor-patient relationship______.

A. is dependent just on the doctor

B. is a goal that can be achieved

C. entails any effort on the part of the patient

D. is what the patient truly desires

35. The author does N O T believe in______ .

A. lots of scientific data

B. Francis Bacon

C. blind trust

D. too m u c h knowledge

第二篇 CT Scans and L ung Cancer

Small or slow-growing nodules ( 小結(jié)節(jié))discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years, researchers reported on Wednesday.

The findings reported in the N e w England Journal of Medicine, could help doctors decide w h e n to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive and potentially harmful testing w h e n lesions ( 損傷)found.

Lung cancer, the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally, is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.

The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do w h e n such growths, often discovered by accident, appear in a scan.

High-tech X -rays called C T scans can detect tumors-but they see all sorts of other blobs ( 模糊的一團(tuán))that are not tumors, and often the only w a y to tell the difference is to take a biopsy ( 活檢)，a dangerous procedure.

At the moment, routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too m a n y healthy people are called back for further testing.

G o o d guideline could help m ake lung cancer screening practical, Dr. R o b van Kiaveren of the Erasmus

Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who led the new study, said in a telephone interview.

The team looked at 7，557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current and former smokers.All received multi detector ( 多層螺旋)C T scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking modules.

Volunteers w h o had nodules over 9.7 m m in width, or had growth of 4.6 m m that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days, were sent for further testing. O f the 196 people w h o fell into that category,70 were found to have lung cancer, 10 additional cases were found years later.

But of the 7,361 who tested negative during screening only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.

In a second round of screening done one year after the first, 1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. M o r e than half turned out to have lung cancer.

The result means that if the screening test says you d o n ’t have lung cancer, you probably d o n ’t, the researcher said. “The chances of finding lung cancer one and two years after a negative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3in 1,000 respectively,”they concluded.

36. The n e w study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules______.

A. you cannot be too careful

B. cancer is just matter of time

C. a biopsy is unnecessary

D. more aggressive testing is a must

37. Which is probably N O T true of lung cancer?

A. Smokers are usually considered to be at high risk for it.

B. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world.

C. 159,000 n e w cases of it are diagnosed in the U S each year.

D. It often goes unnoticed until it has spread.

38. According to the passage, good guidelines for lung cancer screening _____ .

A. are a little bit too costly

B. do not exist yet

C. are being implemented

D. have been developed

39. All the following statements are true E X C E P T _____ .

A. a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodules

B. almost all those with large or fast-growing nodules were found to have lung cancer

C. all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancer

D. most of the volunteers tested negative during screening

40. In the eyes of the researchers the percentages given in the last paragraph_____ .

A. are somewhat inaccurate

B. are pretty small

C. are rather high

D. are quite unbelievable

第三篇 Eat Healthy

“Clean your plate!” and “B e a m e m b e r of the clean-plate club!” Just about every kid in the U S has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it’s accompanied by an appeal: “Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!” Sure, w e should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, m a n y people in the U S take too m a n y bites. Instead of staying “dean the plate”，perhaps w e should save some food for tomorrow.

According to news reports, U S restaurants are partly, to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a U S A Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that.They prefer to have customers complain about too m u c h food rather than too little.

Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told U S A Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.

Health experts have tried to get m a n y restaurants to serve smaller portions. N o w , apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine Q S R reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that m a n y Americans w h o can ’ t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.

It’s not that working class Americans d o n ’t want to eat healthy. It’s just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little m o n e y for next year’s Christmas presents.

41. Parents in the United States tend to ask their children______.

A. to save food.

B. to wash the dishes.

C. not to waste food.

D. not to eat too much.

42. W h y do American restaurants serve large portions?

A. Because Americans associate quantity with value

B. Because Americans have big bellies.

C. Because Americans are good eaters.

D. Because Americans are greedy.

43. W h a t happened in the 1970s?

A. The U S government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.

B. Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.

C. The United States produced more grain than needed.

D. The American waistline started to expand.

44. What does the survey indicate?

A. M a n y poor Americans want large portions.

B. Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.

C. Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150,000 per year.

D_ Twenty three percent Americans earn less than $25,000 per year.

45. Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?

A. They work long hours.

B. They live from paycheck to paycheck.

C. They d o n ’t want to be healthy eaters.

D. They want to save m o n e y for their children.

（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）

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