ⅴ、主語＋謂語（及物動詞）＋賓語＋補足語（svoc）(c--complement)
e.g. we considered（認為） him to a top student（優(yōu)等生）.
主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語
e.g. he was considered（被認為） to a top student（優(yōu)等生）.
主語 謂語 主語補足語
e.g. the news（消息） made（使） him very（非常地） happy（高興的）.
主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語
“形式賓語結(jié)構(gòu)”
e.g. they find（發(fā)現(xiàn)） it difficult（困難的） to answer（回答） the
主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語 真正的賓語
question（問題）.
提示：
能用于“主語＋謂語（及物動詞）＋賓語＋補足語（形容詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不多，典型的有：
make: e.g. make（使...處于某種狀態(tài)） me happy（高興的）
keep: e.g. keep（使...處于某種狀態(tài)） the trees（樹） alive（活著的）
leave: e.g. leave（使...處于某種狀態(tài)） the door（門） open（開著的）
通常要求帶to不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：advise（勸告）, allow（允許）, ask（要求）, cause（造成）, consider（認為）, expect（期待）, find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）, imagine（想象）, tell（命令）, order(命令)， want（希望）, wish（希望）等。
要求不帶“to”的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞（一般為表示“感覺”或“使役”的動詞）有：feel（覺得）, have（使， 讓）,get(使), hear（聽見）, let（讓）, make（使）, notice（注意到）, see（看見）, watch（看）
help后面的作賓語補足語的不定式帶“to”或不帶“to”都可以， 如：
help mary wash（洗） her clothes（衣服）
help mary to wash her clothes
相關(guān)課堂練習(xí)（選自2008年職稱英語等級考試綜合c考卷）：
stop eating too much（不要吃得太多）
clean your plate! ”and“ be a member of the clean—plate club! "just about every kid in the us has heard this from a parent or grandparent．often，it's accompanied by an appeal：“just think about those starving orphans(孤兒)in africa!”sure，we should be grateful for every bite of food．unfortunately, many people in the us take too many bites． instead of staying“clean the plate”，perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow．
according to news reports，us restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies (肚子)．a(chǎn) waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government；according to a usa today story．a(chǎn)mericans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that． they prefer to have（讓） customers（顧客） complain about（抱怨） too much food（食物） rather than（而不是）too little．
barbara rolls，a nutrition(營養(yǎng))professor at pennsylvania state university, told usa- faddy that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1 970s，the same time that the american waistline(腰圍)began to expand．
health experts have tried to get（使） many restaurants（餐館） to serve（供應(yīng)） smaller portions（（飯菜的）一份）. now， apparently, some customers are calling for this too．the restaurant industry trade magazine qsr reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4，000 people surveyed believed restaurants served portions that were too large；23 percent had no opinion；20 percent disagreed．but a closer look at the survey indicates that many americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions．seventy percent of those earn at least $150，000 per year prefer smaller portions；but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25，000 want smaller．
it's not that working class americans don’t want to eat healthy．it's just that，after long hours at low—paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal．they live from paycheck(薪金支票)to paycheck，happy to save a little money for next year’s christmas presents．
31. parents in the united states tend to ask their children
a. to save food for tomorrow. b. to wash the dishes.
c. mottos eat too much. d. not to waste food.
32.why do american restaurants serve large portions?
a. because americans have big bellies.
b. because americans associate quantity with value
c. because americans are good eaters.
d. because americans are too weak.
33. what happened in the 1970s?
a. the us government（政府） called on（號召） its people（人民） to reduce（減少） their weight（體重）.
b. health（健康） experts（專家） persuaded（勸說） restaurants（餐館） to serve（提供） smaller portions(（飯菜的）一份) .
c. the american waistline started to expand.
d. the united states produced more grain than needed.
34 what does the survey indicate?
a. twenty percent of americans want smaller portions.
b. many low-income amercing want large portions.
c. fifty-seven percent of americans want large portions.
d. forty-five percent of americans want smaller portions
35 which of the following is not true of working class americans?
a. they work long hours.
b. they live from paycheck to paycheck.
c. they want to save money for presents.
d. they don't want to be healthy eaters.