ⅱ、主語＋謂語（不及物動詞/不及物）（sv）

e.g. he has come back. （謂語：不及物動詞 + 副詞）

主語謂語

come back: v. 回來，恢復

e.g. they laughed at him. （謂語：不及物動詞 + 介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)）

主語謂語

laugh at v. 嘲笑, 因...發(fā)笑

e.g. he tends to throw the ball too high. （謂語：不及物動詞 + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)+ 狀語）

主語謂語

相關課堂練習（選自2008年職稱英語等級考試綜合c考卷）：

ways to reduce exposure to air pollution

1 a report published recently brings bad news about air pollution．it suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1 986 ukraine nuclear power plant disaster．the report was published by the uk’s royal commission on environmental pollution．but what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? quite a lot，it turns out（“結(jié)果是”/省略了to be）．

2 avoid walking in busy streets．choose side streets and parks instead．pollution levels can fall （降低）a considerable（相當多的） amount（數(shù)量） just by moving a few meters away from （遠離）the main pollution source—exhaust furies(廢氣)．a(chǎn)lso don’t walk behind smokers．walk on the windward(頂風的)side of the street where exposure of pollutants(污染物)can be 50 percent less than on the downwind(順風的)side．

3 sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 1 0 percent，compared with sitting on the side realest the pavement．sitting upstairs on a double—decked(雙層電車)can reduce exposure． it is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus．air pollution（空氣污染） on underground trains（地鐵） tends to（往往） be less toxic(有毒的)than(比) that at street level，because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles(粒子)thrown up by wheels hitting the rails，while diesel(柴油機)and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants．

4 when you are crossing a road，stand well back from the curb(路緣)while（當...的時候） you wait for（等待） the light（交通等） to change（變化）. every meter really does（的確） count （重要）when you are close to（接近） traffic（車流）．a(chǎn)s（當...的時候） the traffic begins（開始） to move（移動），fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. so holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference，even though it might sound silly（愚蠢的）．

5 there are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours．pollution levels（程度） fall（下降） during nighttime（夜間）．the time of year also makes a big difference．pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring（春天） and autumn（秋天） when winds （風）are freshest（新鮮的）．extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause（造成） a build-up(堆積) of pollutants（污染物質(zhì)）．

ⅲ、主語＋謂語（及物動詞）＋賓語（svo）(o--object)

e.g. i like reading english at home.

主語謂語賓語（動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)）狀語

e.g. we have leant that you would visit your parents tomorrow.

主語謂語賓語從句

e.g. he planned to fly to beijing next week.

主語謂語賓語（不定式結(jié)構(gòu)）狀語

補充：

有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語，如：agree（同意）, begin（開始）, decide（決定）, determine（決定）, expect（期望）, forget（忘記）, hope（希望）, learn（學會）, like（喜歡）, love（熱愛）, mean（打算）, offer（自愿）, plan（計劃）, pretend（假裝）, promise（許諾）, refuse（拒絕）, regret（遺憾，抱歉）, remember（記?。? try（試圖）, stop（停止）, want（想要）等。

相關課堂練習（選自2008年職稱英語等級考試綜合c考卷）：

a new（新）immigration（移民） bill(法案)

36. one of the reasons for proposing the point system is是

a. to give priority to immigrants from china.

b. to protect the us from terrorist attacks.

c. to increase population.

d. to attract skilled immigrants.

37. what do critics on the right say about the proposed point system?

a. it opposes（反對） family（家庭） unity（團結(jié)）.

b. it is very difficult（困難的） to apply（申請/運用）.

c. it does not meet（滿足） the needs（需要） of high-tech employers.

d. it opposes（反對） american（美國的） values（價值觀）.

38. which statement is not true of the current system?

a. it is kinship（血族關系）-based（以...為基礎的）.

b. it puts pressure on （給...施加壓力）the us（美國）.

c. it attracts（吸引） highly-educated（受過高等教育的） people.

d. it draws（吸引） low-skilled（非熟練的） workers（工人）.

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