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補充:
英語句子嚴格講求主謂一致性,一致性包括語法形式一致(即主語的單復數(shù)形式要與謂語一致),如:
she is listening(聽).
they are listening(聽).
the books are cheap(便宜的).
the book is cheap(便宜的).
意義上的一致性(即主語意義上的單復數(shù)要與謂語的單復數(shù)形式一致),如:
the police (警方)are investigating(調(diào)查).
比較:
my family has lived (居住)here(這兒) for ten years(年).
my family are all tall(高的).
還有就近原則(即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語),如:
there is a man(男人/人類) at the door(在門口).
there are two people(人) at the door.
 
 
she go into room, sit beside me. ---→
she go into room and sit beside me.
---→
she went into room and satbeside me. 
 ---→
she went into the room andsatbeside me.
提示2:
充當介詞賓語的名詞詞語的前面往往需要帶定冠詞,起限定范圍的作用。
 
小結(jié):
大部分英語句子都有主語和謂語的結(jié)構。而相比之下, 漢語注重的是表意 --- 漢語中不少句子沒有句子主語,或有些句子的主語不明顯,但句意明確。
如:
出太陽了。
真嚇人!   
研究得怎么樣了?   
去還是不去?
 
由此可見要看懂英語句子就首先必須要識別出英語句子中的主謂結(jié)構。剛才提到大部分英語句子都有主語和謂語的結(jié)構,這是因為在英語的書面語還可能會出現(xiàn)省略了主語和謂語的省略句結(jié)構,而在英語口語中省略句結(jié)構更是常常出現(xiàn),如:
i feel better(更好的) than(比)(i was) when  he came(來) to see me.
 
提示3:
省略結(jié)構的正確理解是職稱英語閱讀題中的??键c之一。
how (is it ) about the result(結(jié)果)?
 
英語的祈使句結(jié)構是典型的無主語句子結(jié)構(祈使句用于表達命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止。
如:
sit down, please.(請坐下 – 命令)
watch your steps. (走路小心。——警告)

相關課堂練習(選自2008年職稱英語等級考試綜合c考卷):
 
ways(方法) to reduce(減少) exposure(暴露) to air pollution(空氣污染)
1 a report published recently brings bad news about air pollution.it suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1 986 ukraine nuclear power plant disaster.the report was published by the uk’s royal commission on environmental pollution.but what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? quite a lot,it turns out.
avoid(避免) walking(步行) in busy(熱鬧的)streets(街道)choose(選擇) side streets (小巷)and parks(公園) instead(替代).pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source—exhaust furies(廢氣). also don’t walk(步行) behind(在...之后) smokers(吸煙者).walk on the windward(頂風的)side (邊)of the street where exposure of pollutants(污染物)can be 50 percent less than on the downwind(順風的)side.
3 sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 1 0 percent,compared with sitting on the side realest the pavement.sitting upstairs on a double—decked(雙層電車)can reduce exposure.it is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus.a(chǎn)ir pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic(有毒的)than that at street level,because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles(粒子)thrown up by wheels hitting the rails,while diesel(柴油機)and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.
4 when you are crossing a road,stand well back from (遠離)the curb(路緣)while you wait for the light to change。every meter really does count when you are close to traffic.a(chǎn)s the traffic begins to move,fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. so holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference,even though it might sound silly.
5 there are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours.pollution levels fall during nighttime.the time of year also makes a big difference.pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest.extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build—up of pollutants.
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